北京地区3859名体检人群骨密度调查及骨量异常患病率分析

目的调查北京地区健康体检人群骨密度的情况以及骨量减少和骨质疏松的患病率,为骨质疏松症的防治提供参考。方法选择2017年1月至2018年12月在中日友好医院健康体检中心进行健康体检的人群,排除继发性骨质疏松症及其他影响骨代谢的因素,共3859名。其中男性2067名,女性1792名。年龄20~83岁,平均年龄(51.29±11.18)岁,按性别及年龄每10年一组。采用美国GE公司的LUNAR Prodigy双能X线骨密度仪测量受试者腰椎1~4正位及股骨颈和全髋的骨密度。分析各组不同部位骨密度情况及骨量异常(包括骨量减少和骨质疏松)的患病率。采用SPSS 22.0统计软件进行分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果①男性腰椎1~4骨密度峰值在20~29岁,股骨颈和全髋骨密度峰值在30~39岁。女性各部位骨密度峰值均在30~39岁。②随年龄增长,男性和女性骨量异常患病率均呈上升趋势,50岁以上女性骨量异常患病率显著上升,明显高于同年龄组男性。③30~59岁男性和女性腰椎骨量异常患病率均明显高于髋部;70岁以上男性和60岁以上女性髋部骨量异常患病率明显高于腰椎。结论中老年人群尤其是绝经后女性是骨质疏松症的高危人群;老年人群的骨质疏松筛查可以考虑选择髋部骨密度为主。     

广西高校新生对HIV尿液自助采样包的使用意愿及关注因素调查

目的 了解广西高校新生对HIV尿液自助采样包的使用意愿及关注因素,为进一步在高校开展HIV尿液自我采样传递检测提供依据和参考。 方法 采取整群随机抽样方法,分别选取广西A、B两所高校新生进行匿名问卷调查,其中,A校在健康教育讲座前问卷调查,B校在健康教育讲座后问卷调查。 结果 本次调查中,共发放问卷500份,A、B两所高校新生的问卷回收率分别是88.0%(132/150),96.9%(339/350),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。A、B两所高校新生艾滋病基本知识平均知晓率分别为73.7%,87.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。受访的大学新生中有2.3%(11/471)曾接受过HIV检测。A、B两所高校新生对HIV尿液自助采样包的使用意愿率分别是63.6%(84/132),88.5%(300/339),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。男生对HIV尿液自助采样包的使用意愿率均要稍高于女生,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在阻碍HIV尿液自助采样包的使用因素调查中,54.0%(47/87)认为操作流程不方便,37.9%(33/87)怀疑结果的准确性,8.1%(7/87)认为容易污染。此外,在大学新生对HIV尿液自助采样包的关注因素调查中,首要关注的是保密性(85.4%,402/471),其次是准确性(72.4%,341/471)。超过一半的新生认为100~150元是HIV尿液自助采样包的可接受价格范围,高达97%的新生认为检测结果的反馈时长应小于7 d。 结论 广西高校新生对HIV尿液自助采样包的态度积极,使用意愿较高,对HIV尿液自我采样传递检测持相对开放态度。HIV尿液自助采样包的保密性和准确性是大学新生最为关注的两个因素。举办健康教育讲座对HIV尿液自助采样包进行适当的介绍和宣传,可有效提高使用意愿。     

白及多糖超声提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化白及多糖的超声提取工艺，比较不同产地白及多糖含量差异，考察白及多糖稳定性和抗氧化活性。方法：以多糖得率为考察指标，料液比、超声温度、超声时间为考察因素设计L9（34）正交试验优化白及多糖超声波提取工艺；以苯酚-硫酸法测定白及多糖含量，考察陕西汉中、云南普洱、湖南洪江及四川绵阳白及多糖含量产地差异；以化学方法考察白及多糖稳定性，并比较白及多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基自由基（DPPH·）和羟基自由基（·OH）的清除率以评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果：最佳超声提取工艺条件为：料液比1:25（g/mL）、超声温度80 ℃、超声时间10 min；四川绵阳白及多糖含量最高，达到60.81%，湖南洪江次之，云南普洱最低；白及多糖在柠檬酸及中性溶液中的稳定性较好，在苯甲酸钠、过酸性或过碱性溶液中的稳定性较差；白及多糖能有效地清除DPPH和羟基自由基，具有潜在的体外抗氧化活性。结论：白及多糖超声波提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究，可为白及多糖提取及综合利用提供借鉴。     

Hepatitis B virus infection and the risk of cancer among the Chinese population

The relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and nonhepatocellular cancers remains inconclusive. This large case-control study aimed to assess the associations between HBV infection status and multiple cancers. Cases (n = 50 392) and controls (n = 11 361) were consecutively recruited from 2008 to 2016 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using logistic regression by adjusting age and gender. A meta-analysis based on published studies was also performed to verify the associations. Of these, 12.1% of cases and 5.5% of controls were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositive. We observed significant associations between HBsAg seropositivity and esophagus cancer (aOR [95% CI] = 1.32 [1.13-1.54]), stomach cancer (1.46 [1.30-1.65]), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; 39.11 [35.08-43.59]), intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (ICC and ECC; 3.83 [2.58-5.67] and 1.72 [1.28-2.31]), pancreatic cancer (PaC; 1.37 [1.13-1.65]), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; 1.88 [1.61-2.20]) and leukemia (11.48 [4.05-32.56]). Additionally, compared to participants with HBsAg−/anti-HBs−/anti-HBc−, participants with HBsAg−/anti-HBs−/anti-HBc+, indicating past HBV-infected, had an increased risk of esophagus cancer (aOR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.24-1.73]), stomach cancer (1.20 [1.04-1.39]), HCC (4.80 [3.95-5.84]) and leukemia (15.62 [2.05-119.17]). Then the overall meta-analysis also verified that HBsAg seropositivity was significantly associated with stomach cancer (OR [95% CI] = 1.23 [1.14-1.33]), ICC (4.05 [2.78-5.90]), ECC (1.73 [1.30-2.30]), PaC (1.26 [1.09-1.46]), NHL (1.95 [1.55-2.44]) and leukemia (1.54 [1.26-1.88]). In conclusion, both our case-control study and meta-analysis confirmed the significant association of HBsAg seropositivity with stomach cancer, ICC, ECC, PaC, NHL and leukemia. Of note, our findings also suggested that the risk of stomach cancer elevated for people whoever exposed to HBV.     

Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks and tumor infiltrating-cells in hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundThe innovation of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) represents a promising shift in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, response to ICB has varied largely due to the high tumor heterogeneity and complex tumor microenvironment (TME). The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network also plays an important role in tumor occurrence and progression, but its relation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) remains largely unexplored in HCC. The overriding objective of our study was thus to construct a prognosis-related risk model and to further evaluate the relationship between ceRNA networks and TICs.MethodsDifferentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed RNAs. Lasso and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to construct risk models, which were assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC of ROC) and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves. Then, a single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was adopted to dissect the TICs in HCC samples. Nomograms were constructed and calibration curves were used to verify the discrimination and accuracy of the nomograms. Finally, integration analysis was performed to validate the correlation of ceRNA and TICs.ResultsIn the study, 7 differentially expressed RNAs [5 messenger RNA s (mRNAs) and 2 micro RNAs (miRNAs)] were incorporated to construct a ceRNA risk model. The AUC of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 0.784, 0.685, and 0.691 respectively. Likewise, 7 types TICs were in the TICs signature model and the AUC of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 0.706, 0.731, and 0.721 respectively. The integration analysis showed that 7 pairs of mRNA-TICs and 1 pair of miRNA-TICs had a close relation (all correlation coefficients >0.2, P<0.001).ConclusionsThrough constructing two risk models based on ceRNA network and TICs, we identified the hub RNAs and key TICs in the progression and prognosis of HCC, and further explored the relationship between ceRNA and TME. Importantly, targeting these hub RNAs may facilitate the remodeling of the TME and be a potential therapeutic alternative to enhancing the response to ICB, thus improving the prognosis of HCC patients.     

冠心病合并抑郁症患者血清adropin、血小板活化因子、胶质纤维酸性蛋白水平变化及意义

目的 探讨冠心病(CHD)合并抑郁症患者血清adropin、血小板活化因子(PAF)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)水平的变化及相关性.方法 选取163例CHD患者作为研究对象,根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分将其分为抑郁症组(HAMD评分≥18分)98例(轻度抑郁47例、中度抑郁31例、中度抑郁20例)和非抑郁症组(HAMD评分＜18分)65例.采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测患者血清adropin、PAF、GFAP水平,采用Pearson相关分析法分析CHD合并抑郁症患者血清adropin与PAF、GFAP水平的相关性;采用Logistic回归分析探讨CHD患者发生抑郁症的影响因素.结果 抑郁症组患者空腹血糖、PAF、GFAP水平高于非抑郁症组,血清adropin水平低于非抑郁症组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);抑郁症组中,轻度、中度、重度抑郁患者的血清adropin水平逐渐降低,PAF、GFAP水平逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);Pearson相关分析显示,CHD合并抑郁症患者血清adropin水平与PAF、GFAP水平均呈负相关(r=-0.665、-0.643,P＜0.001);多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清adropin＜ 49.36 pg/mL、PAF≥124.47 pg/mL、GFAP≥12.79 ng/mL是CHD患者并发抑郁症的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 随着抑郁程度的加重,CHD患者血清adropin水平降低,PAF、GFAP水平升高.血清adropin水平与PAF、GFAP水平均呈负相关,三者均是CHD患者并发抑郁症的独立影响因素.     

Reconstructing abdominal wall defects with a free composite tissue flap: A case report

BACKGROUNDReconstructive repair of huge full-thickness abdominal wall defects following debridement for abdominal electric burns remains a clinically challenging task. An ideal abdominal wall repair means a re-closure of the defected abdominal wall with pedicled neurovascular myofascial flaps, restoration of the abdominal wall integrity, and maintenance of the abdominal wall muscle tension to prevent the occurrence of abdominal wall hernia. When treating huge full-thickness defects, composite autologous tissue flaps are a good option for the repair. CASE SUMMARYThis study reported the case of a 43-year-old male patient suffering from full-thickness abdominal wall defects complicated with necrosis of multiple bowel segments and duodenal leak following high-voltage burns involving the left upper limb and abdomen. After debridement for abdominal electric burns and end-to-end anastomosis for the necrotic bowels, reconstruction with acellular dermal matrix grafting and vacuum sealing drainage were performed for temporary abdominal closure. The remaining 18 cm × 15 cm full-thickness abdominal wall defect was repaired using a combined anterolateral thigh and tensor fascia lata free flap. The proposed method achieved the functional reconstruction of the abdominal wall.CONCLUSIONThis approach restored the abdominal wall integrity, maintained certain muscle tension, avoided abdominal hernia, reached satisfactory aesthetic effect, and resulted in no complications in the grafting regions.